By 2050 some experts
believe that machines will have reached the level of human intelligence.
We are living in a computerized era, computers which are
already learning from raw data in the same way as the human infant learns the
world around him/her.
Meaning we are getting machines that don’t need to be
programmed to do a task, but can learn and teach themselves how to play
computer games and get incredibly good at them, the work is already going on at
Google’s DeepMind, and devices that can start to communicate in human-like
speech, such as voice assistant on smartphones.
Computers are beginning to understand the world outside its
bits and bytes.
Fei-Fei Li, a PhD student at Stanford University has spent
the last 15 years teaching computers how to see. Half of all human brainpower goes
into visual processing even though it is something we do without any effort.
“No one tells a computer how to see, especially in the early
years. They learn this through real-world experiences and examples.” Said Ms Li
in a talk at the 2015 Technology, Entertainment and Design (Ted) conference.
“if you consider a child’s eye as a pair of biological
cameras, they take one picture every 200 milliseconds, the average time an eye
movement is made. So by age three, a child would have seen hundreds of millions
of pictures of the real world. That’s a lot of training,” she added.
She decided to teach the computers in a similar way.
Well, the work into visual learning at Stanford illustrates
how complex just one aspect of creating a thinking machine can be and it comes
back of 60 years of fitful progress in the field.
And there are some elements of the human mind – daydreaming for
example-that computers will never replicates.
AI Timeline.
- 1951 – The first neural net machine SNARC was built and in the same year, Christopher Strachey wrote a checkers programme and Dietrich Peinz wrote one for chess.
- 1957 – The general problem solver was invented by Allen Newell and Herbert Simon.
- 1958 – AI pioneer John McCarthy came up with LISP, a programming language that allowed computers to operate themselves.
- 1960 – Research labs built at MIT with a $2,2m grant from advanced Research Project Agency – later known as DARPA.
- 1964 – Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot Eliza, which could fool humans but repeated back what was said to her.
- 1968 – Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick immortalized Hal, that classic vision of a machine that could match and exceed human intelligence by 2001.
- 1973 – A report on AI researcher in the UK formed the basis for the British government to discontinue support for AI in all but two universities.
- 1979 – The Stanford cart became the first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle when it circumnavigated the Stanford AI lab.
- 1981 – Danny Hills designed a machine that utilized parallel computing to bring new power to AI.
- 1980s – DeepBlue, IBM’s chess machine, beat the world champion Garry Kasparov.
- 1999 – Sony launched the AIBO, one of the first artificially intelligent pet robots.
- 2002 – The Roomba, an autonomous vacuum cleaner, was introduced.
- 2011 – Smartphones introduced natural language voice assistant – Siri, Google Now and Cortana
- 2014 – Stanford and Google revealed computers that could interpret images.
No comments:
Post a Comment